Exactly how, after that, you’ll i describe ‘real causation by using the structural equations structure?
(8) A variable Y counterfactually relies on a changeable X when you look at the a model in the event the and only if it is really the circumstances one X = x and you will Y = y and there occur values x? ? x and y? ? y such that replacing the formula for X that have X = x? returns Y = y?.
A varying Y (unlike X and Z) was advanced ranging from X and you may Z in the event the and simply if it falls under some channel between X and you will Z
Of course, so far we just have something we are calling a ‘causal model, ?V, E?; we havent been told anything about how to extract causal information from it. More…
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